How to Start Sesame Farming in Nigeria

Sesame seed farming refers to the cultivation of the edible seeds of the flowering sesame plant. The scientific name for sesame is Sesamum indicum, which belongs to the Pedaliaceae family. Sesame is grown in many parts of the world, including Nigeria and Africa, for its oil-rich seeds, which have various uses in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.

Sesame seeds have a thin shell or husk which needs to be removed and this process is known as dehulling. The weight of hull is about 17% of total weight of sesame seed. The hull contains a great deal of oxalic acid and indigestive fibre. Oxalic acid can reduce biological utilization ratio of Ca in Food and influence taste.

After sesame hulling, oxalic acid can reduce from 3% to 0.25% in sesame seeds, which improve the protein digestibility greatly. So, dehulling of sesame seeds is the precondition of enlarging application of sesame in food field. Hulled sesame seeds are softer and tastier than unhulled seeds. Sesame seeds are also an excellent source of unsaturated fatty acids and phytosterols.

The dark seeds are cleaned by subjecting them to an alkali treatment for a few minutes. The seeds are then washed with cold water to free the product from traces of alkali. The processed seeds are then dried and are white and rid of bitterness and of good nutritive qualities. The removed outer coat has the bitter oxalic acid and the seed is now bereft of fungal infections.

Research has shown that sesame seeds are rich in nutrients, including healthy fats, protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. They also contain bioactive compounds, such as lignans and phytosterols, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that can promote good health.

Selecting the Right Location: Selecting the right location is crucial for successful sesame farming  in Nigeria. Choose a site with well-drained sandy loam soil, as sesame does not tolerate waterlogging. The location should receive plenty of sunlight, as sesame requires full sun for optimal growth and yield. Avoid areas prone to flooding or with high clay content, as these can hinder root development and lead to poor yields. Additionally, consider the proximity to water sources for irrigation, as sesame requires regular watering, especially during dry periods. Selecting the right location ensures that your sesame crop has the best possible conditions for healthy growth and high yields.

Preparing the Land: Preparing the land is a critical step in sesame farming. Begin by clearing the land of weeds, rocks, and debris to create a clean planting area. Plow the soil to a fine tilth to ensure good seed-to-soil contact and proper drainage. If the soil is compacted, consider using a harrow or cultivator to loosen it. Adding organic matter, such as compost or manure, can improve soil fertility and structure.

Choosing the Right Variety: Choosing the right variety is essential for successful sesame farming in Nigeria. Select a variety that is well-suited to the local climate and soil conditions. Consider factors such as drought tolerance, disease resistance, and yield potential. Popular varieties in Nigeria include Ex-Sudan, Ex-Benin, and Ex-Nigeria. Ex-Sudan is known for its high yield potential and good resistance to lodging, while Ex-Benin is valued for its early maturity and drought tolerance. Ex-Nigeria is a local variety that is well-adapted to Nigerian conditions. By choosing the right variety, you can maximize your sesame crop’s yield and quality.

Planting: Planting is a critical step in sesame farming in Nigeria. Begin by selecting high-quality seeds from a reputable source. Sesame seeds should be planted in well-prepared, weed-free soil. Sow the seeds at a depth of about 1 to 2 centimeters and space them 20 to 30 centimeters apart in rows spaced 60 to 90 centimeters apart. Ensure the seeds are planted evenly and cover them lightly with soil. Water the seeds immediately after planting and continue to water regularly, especially during dry periods. Proper planting ensures good germination and establishment, setting the stage for a successful sesame crop.

Watering and Fertilizing: Watering and fertilizing are crucial for successful sesame farming in Nigeria. Sesame requires regular watering, especially during dry periods, to ensure proper growth and development. Irrigate the crop evenly, avoiding waterlogging, which can lead to root rot. Fertilization is also important, as sesame is a nutrient-demanding crop. Apply a balanced fertilizer before planting and side-dress with nitrogen fertilizer during the growing season to promote healthy growth. Organic matter, such as compost or manure, can also be applied to improve soil fertility. Proper watering and fertilization practices help maximize sesame yields and ensure a healthy crop.

Weeding and Pest Control: Weeding and pest control are essential practices in sesame farming in Nigeria. Weeds compete with sesame plants for nutrients, water, and sunlight, reducing yield potential. Regular manual weeding or use of herbicides can help control weeds and maintain a clean planting area. Pest control is also important, as sesame is susceptible to attacks from pests such as aphids, leafhoppers, and caterpillars. Integrated pest management strategies, including the use of pesticides, biopesticides, and cultural practices, can help minimize pest damage and protect sesame plants. Regular monitoring and early intervention are key to effective weed and pest control in sesame farming.

Harvesting: Harvesting sesame in Nigeria is done when the lower leaves of the plants start to turn yellow, and the capsules at the base of the plants begin to crack open. This usually occurs 90 to 150 days after planting, depending on the variety and growing conditions. Sesame can be harvested by hand or using a mechanical harvester. After harvesting, the sesame plants are left to dry in the field for a few days to reduce moisture content. The seeds are then threshed to separate them from the capsules and other plant materials. Proper timing and techniques are crucial for a successful sesame harvest.

The cost to start a one hectare Sesame seed farm is detailed below:

Rent of one hectare farmland: ₦50,000

Clearing, Ploughing and Harrowing: ₦80,000

Seeds: ₦80,000

Planting: ₦30,000

Irrigation: ₦400,000 – ₦800,000 (Optional)

Fertilizers and Manure: ₦40,000 (Depending on soil fertility)

Pesticides: ₦20,000

Others: ₦50,000

Processing and Marketing: Processing sesame seeds in Nigeria involves cleaning, drying, and sorting the seeds to remove impurities and ensure quality. The seeds are then ready for packaging and marketing. Sesame seeds can be sold locally or exported to international markets

Starting sesame farming in Nigeria can be a rewarding venture, both financially and environmentally. By following these steps and seeking advice from local agricultural experts, you can start your sesame farming journey and contribute to the growth of Nigeria’s agricultural sector.

In order to succeed in this business, farmers must be equipped with the necessary knowledge and skills to overcome challenges and maximize opportunities. This includes understanding market trends, implementing sustainable farming practices, and having access to financing and other support services.

Get our Practical Training Guide on Sesame seed  Farming in Nigeria. We will provide you with proper insight into successful Sesame seed farming. This guide covers all aspects of establishing sesame farms, from suitable varieties and site selection to soil management, pest control, harvesting best practices, 

Click here to fill our application form:   https://forms.gle/jt7DaqkmobimT5PX8 

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